Question

The standard scale of temperature is:
(A) The mercury scale
(B) The gas scale
(C) The platinum scale
(D) Liquid scale

Answer 1

Hint
The scale that works based on the ideal measurements will be called the standard scale of temperature. The temperature scale that notes the temperature of a specific material using the properties of that material itself will be the standard one.

Complete step by step answer
The mercury scale – It works on the principle of expansion and contraction of the mercury with a change in temperature and this temperature change is noted. This scale ranges from $- 37^\circ C$to$356^\circ C$. This scale measures based on the properties of mercury.
The gas scale – It measures the pressure of the vessel at freezing point and the boiling point keeping the volume constant and fixed mass, and based on this, assigns the suitable temperature values to these points. $(T \propto P)$.
The platinum resistance scale – It measures the electrical resistance of the platinum wire, based on this, assigns the suitable temperature value. This scale measures based on the properties of platinum.
The liquid scale - the water is used as a standard to measure the temperature of the materials.
$\therefore$ The standard scale of temperature is the ideal gas scale.
Thus, option (B) the gas scale is correct.

Additional Information
There are three temperature scales used in daily life. They are Fahrenheit scale, Celsius scale and Kelvin scale.
-The Kelvin temperature scale has its zero point as the absolute zero. This scale is defined as ${1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {273.16}}} \right.} {273.16}}$ of the triple point of the pure water.
-The Celsius temperature scale is based on $0^\circ C$ – the lowest reading representing the freezing point of water and $100^\circ C$ – the highest reading representing the boiling point of water.
-The Fahrenheit temperature scale is based on $32^\circ F$ - the lowest reading representing the freezing point of water and $212^\circ F$– the highest reading representing the boiling point of water.
-The Fahrenheit scale, the Kelvin scale and the Celsius scale are related to each other by an equation given as follows. $\dfrac{C}{5} = \dfrac{{F - 32}}{9} = \dfrac{{K + 273}}{5}$.
-The Fahrenheit scale and the Celsius scale are related to each other by an equation given as follows. $F = \dfrac{9}{5}C + 32$.
-The Kelvin scale and the Celsius scale are related to each other by an equation given as follows. $K = C + 273$.

Note
The scale that is independent of the particular material’s property is the standard scale. The temperature scales which depend on the particular material’s property may not work at particular temperatures. So to overcome this problem, we use the gas scale.