Question

The smallest RNA is-
A) $\pi$RNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) Nuclear RNA

Answer 1

The smallest RNA serves as the link between the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence of proteins. It does by carrying an amino acid to $\pi$ RNA of cells as direction by codon sequence in mRNA.

Complete Answer:

1. Transfer RNA or tRNA is a small RNA molecule that particles in protein synthesize. A tRNA is made from a single strand of RNA.
2. The strands are a complex 3D structure because of base pairs from between nucleotides in different parts of the molecule. This makes double standard regions and loops, folding the tRNA into an l-shape.
3. tRNA is a member of the nucleic acid family called ribonucleic acids. RNA molecules are composed of nucleotides, which are small building blocks for both RNA and DNA.
4. tRNA has a very specific purpose: to bring protein subunits, known as amino acids to the ribosome where proteins are constructed.
5. The job of tRNA is to read the message of nucleic acids, or nucleotides and translate it into proteins or amino acids.
6. The process of making a protein from an mRNA template is known as translation. Transfer RNA or tRNA molecules have two important areas: A trinucleotides region called the anticodon and a region for attaching a specific amino acid.

Structure: tRNA molecule has a distinctive folded structure with three hairpin loops that form the shape from three-leafed clover. One of these hairpin loops contains a sequence called anticodon, which can recognize and decode an mRNA codon, each tRNA has its corresponding amino acid attached to its end.

The Correct Answer is – (C) tRNA.

Note: tRNA is the smallest of the three types of RNA, processing around 75-95 nucleotides. Each of the 20 amino acids has a specific tRNA that binds with it and transfers it to the growing polypeptide chain. tRNA also acts as adapters in the transition of the genetic sequence of mRNA into proteins. They are also called adaptor molecules.