Question

The protein ${ 𝛼 }{ 1 }$ - antitrypsin is used to treat the disease.
(a) Cancer
(b) Rheumatoid arthritis
(c) Alzheimer’s disease
(d) Emphysema

Answer 1

It is a lung disease that is an autosomal disorder leading to the disintegration of the tissues. It results in the shortness of breath and is caused by the dysfunctioning of the alpha 1 antitrypsin enzyme damaging proteins.

Complete answer:
The protein ${ 𝛼 }{ 1 }$ - antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that acts as the inhibitor of serine amino acid. The enzyme ${ 𝛼 }{ 1 }$ - antitrypsin is responsible for preventing the functions of protease enzymes that play a key role in the digestion of the protein molecules and are produced by the liver of the body. They function as the tissue repair mechanism and protect the lungs from getting damaged due to the presence and functioning of the proteases. It plays a major role in balancing the amount of neutrophil and protease enzymes present in the lungs. Example: the enzyme secrets by the neutrophils during infection, inflammation, or smoking termed as neutrophil elastase.
Emphysema is a lung disease in which the alveoli also called the air sacs got damaged leading to the weakening and rupturing of their inner walls. This causes the large air sacs to develop into several smaller air sacs thus reducing the surface area of the lungs. Due to this condition, the oxygen supply to the bloodstream decreased. When a person inhales then the oxygen gets trapped inside for a long time since the tissues of the alveoli are broken and thus the fresh air did not reach the lungs. This may even lead to chronic bronchitis affecting the bronchial tubes that carry the oxygen to the lungs and results in permanent coughing. It may be caused due to certain pulmonary disorders or due to smoking. The treatment takes a lot of time and will not properly treat the disease.

So the correct answer is option (d) Emphysema

Note:
Cancer is a disease where the cells begin to divide repeatedly at a very fast pace without stopping and surround the other body tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disorder where the pain is caused in the joints of the body. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder that causes mental retardation or even memory loss.