Question

The product (D) of the reaction will be:
$\,C{H_3}Cl\;\xrightarrow{{KCN}}\;\left( A \right)\;\xrightarrow{{{H_3}{O^ + }}}\;\left( B \right)\;\xrightarrow{{N{H_3}}}\;\left( C \right)\xrightarrow{\Delta }\;\left( D \right)\,$
A. $C{H_3}C{H_2}N{H_2}$
B. $C{H_3}CN$
C. $HCON{H_2}$
D. $C{H_3}CON{H_2}$

Answer 1

Halogenoalkanes react with cyanide ions from sodium or potassium cyanide solution to generate nitriles. If a haloalkane is heated under reflux with a solution of sodium or potassium cyanide in ethanol, the halogen is replaced by a cyanide ion, and a nitrile is produced. The reaction with cyanide ions is a useful way of lengthening the carbon chains.

Complete step by step answer:
To reach (A) nucleophilic substitution between methyl chloride and potassium cyanide takes place. The reaction mechanism is as follows:

$C{H_3}Cl\; + \;KCN\; \to \;C{H_3}CN\; + \;KCl$

The product (A) formed is methyl cyanide that reacts with hydronium ion to form (B). The chemical reaction that follows is :

$C{H_3}CN\; + \;{H_3}O\; \to \;C{H_3}COOH + N{H_3}$

The product (B) formed is Acetic acid which reacts with ammonia to form (C). The chemical reaction for the same is as follows:

$C{H_3}COOH + N{H_3} \rightleftharpoons C{H_3}COON{H_4}^ -$

There is a Removal of a water molecule by heating in the product (C) and eventually, Acetamide is formed. The chemical reaction of the same is expressed as :

$C{H_3}COON{H_4}^ - \xrightarrow{\Delta }C{H_3}CON{H_2} + {H_2}O$

So, the correct answer is Option D .

Note: Acetamide may be a member of the category of acetamides which ends up from the formal condensation of ethanoic acid with ammonia. It is a monocarboxylic acid amide, an N-acyl ammonia, and a member of the acetamides. It's a tautomer of the acetamide acid.
Acetamide is employed primarily as a solvent and as a plasticizer. Workers might be exposed to the plastics and chemical industries. It causes mild skin irritation from acute or short-term exposure. Acetamide is amphoteric because it has both acidic and basic characteristics.
Haloalkanes generally resemble the parent alkanes in being colorless, relatively odorless, and hydrophobic. The melting and boiling points of chloro-, Bromo-, and Iodo -alkanes are over the analogous alkanes, scaling with the mass and number of halides. This can be because of the increased strength of the intermolecular forces—from London dispersion to dipole-dipole interaction because of the increased polarizability.