Question

The process of cell death involving DNA cleavage in cells is known as
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
C. Cytokinesis
D. Endocytosis

Answer 1

The occurrence of a biological cell ceasing to perform its functions is cell death. It may be the result of the normal process of dying and replacing old cells with new ones or maybe the result of causes such as infection, localized injury, or the death of the organism to which the cells belong.

Complete answer: Necrosis is a form of cell injury that results in the premature death of cells by autolysis in living tissues. Necrosis is caused by infection or trauma, resulting in the uncontrolled digestion of components of the cell. Cells that die due to necrosis do not follow the signal transduction pathway. In the process, various cell receptors are activated that results in the loss of cell membrane integrity.
a) Apoptosis: It is a type of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events contribute to cell changes and death that are characteristic. Blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global decay of mRNA are included in these shifts.
b) Cytokinesis: It is part of the mechanism of cell division during which a single eukaryotic cell cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells. In mitosis and meiosis, cytoplasmic division begins during or after the late stages of nuclear division.
c) Endocytosis: It is a cellular mechanism that brings substances into the cell. A region of the cell membrane covers the substance to be internalized, and then buds off within the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested substance.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Note: In living cells, apoptosis is the mechanism that results in the death of weakened cells, bacteria, cancer cells, defective cells, etc. These cells are detected by immune system cells, accompanied by protein production that destroys the cell by DNA cleavage. It is also called the death of programmed cells.