Question

The patient develops symptoms like swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs and irritability. Which one of the following is the deficient nutrients and the deficiency disease associated with the symptoms?
A. Iodine- Goitre
B. Thiamine- Beriberi
C. Niacin- Pellagra
D. Protein- Kwashiorkor

Answer 1

Hint:- A symptom is a deviation from the usual function or sensation that a patient notices, signalling the presence or abnormality of the disorder. A sign is contextual, observed by the patient, and is not strictly observable. The concept is often applied to physiological states outside the sense of sickness, such as when referring to "symptom of pregnancy"

Complete answer:-
Different types of disorders are discussed below:
Goitre- cause because of the lack of iodine in the diet. Not all goitres cause signs and symptoms. Symptoms include: swelling at the base of your neck that may be more noticeable when you shave or put on makeup; a tense feeling in your throat; coughing; hoarseness; trouble swallowing; difficulty breathing.
Beriberi- caused by a thiamine deficiency, also known as vitamin B-1 deficiency. There are two types of beriberi, known as wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Symptoms of wet beriberi are shortness of breath during physical activity; waking up short of breath; rapid heart rate; swollen lower legs. Symptoms of dry beriberi include reduced muscle activity, particularly in the lower legs; tingling in the feet and hands or lack of feeling; pain; mental confusion; trouble speaking; paralysis; excessive eye movement.
Pellagra- Caused by vitamin niacin deficiency. Inflamed skin, diarrhoea, dementia, sores in the mouth and swollen lips are symptoms. Usually, regions of the skin exposed to either sunshine or friction are first affected. Over time, the skin affected can become darker, stiffen, peel, or bleed.
Kwashiorkor- It is caused due to a lack of protein in the diet. Symptoms include: Hang in skin and hair colour and texture; fatigue; diarrhoea; loss of muscle mass; failure to grow or gain weight; Swelling of the knees, feet, and stomach; weakened immune system that can lead to more frequent and serious infections

Therefore the correct answer is option (C), Niacin- Pellagra.

Note:- Sign and symptoms are two different terms. A symptom is a phenomenon that the individual afflicted by any disease feels, while a sign is a phenomenon that can be observed by anyone other than the person affected by the disease.