Question

The P-type semiconductor the majority and minority charge carriers are respectively
A. Protons and electrons
B. Electrons and protons
C. Electrons and holes
D. Holes and electrons

Answer 1

Semiconductors are those solids that can conduct electrical energy when subjected to an electric field, but the value of conductivity is minimal if we compare with metallic conductors. Extrinsic semiconductors are those which are made by adding an impurity in intrinsic semiconductors to increase their conductivity.

Complete step by step answer:
We know that extrinsic semiconductors are of two types : p-type semiconductors and n-type semiconductors. P-type semiconductors are formed when a trivalent impurity is added with a tetravalent intrinsic semiconductor. When a trivalent impurity is doped with tetravalent Silicon semiconductor, one position to fill the electron is empty. When the battery is connected, the neighbouring electron immediately moves towards the battery's positive terminal leaving behind a positive charge space called a hole. The neighbouring electron immediately jumps into it to fill that hole and creates another hole. In this way, the current is conducted in such types of semiconductors. Here the conduction current is due to the positive charge particle-like hole. Hence the name p-type semiconductor is given to it.
Therefore, we can say that in p-type semiconductors, holes are majority charges and electrons are minority charges. Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Note: The impurity which we added in the semiconductor is electrically neutral, and the material in which impurity is added is itself electrically neutral. Hence, we can say that this combination is also electrically neutral. Approximately one atom of impurity is added out of ${10^{10}}$ atoms of the intrinsic semiconductor.