Question

The names of a few salts and their chemical formulae are given in the table. Complete the table adding names of more salts and write the positive ions and negative ions.

Name of the salt	Chemical formula	Positive ion	Negative ion
Sodium chloride	$NaCl$	$Na^{+}$	$Cl^{-}$
Magnesium sulphate	$MgSO_{4}$	$Mg^{2+}$	$SO^{2-}_{4}$
Calcium carbonate	$CaCO_{3}$

Answer 1

The positive ions are those which bear a positive charge on itself and negative ions are those which bear a negative charge on itself, and it is formed due to exchange of electrons.

Complete answer:
- As we know that in an atom the number of protons which are present inside the nucleus is always equal to the number of electrons present in the orbitals outside the nucleus.
- So due to presence of equal number of electrons and equal number of protons in an atom, positive and negative charges get cancelled and an atom is present in the neutral state.
- A salt is an ionic compound consisting of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
- When a salt is dissolved in water it dissociates into its respective cations and anions. Being an ionic compound, it has a high melting point and boiling point.

Name of the salt	Chemical formula	Positive ion	Negative ion
Sodium chloride	$NaCl$	$Na^{+}$	$Cl^{-}$
Magnesium sulphate	$MgSO_{4}$	$Mg^{2+}$	$SO^{2-}_{4}$
Calcium carbonate	$CaCO_{3}$	$Ca^{2+}$	$CO^{2-}_{3}$
Sodium nitrate	$NaNO_{3}$	$Na^{+}$	$NO_{5}$
Aluminum sulphate	$Al_{3}(SO_{4})_{3}$	$Al^{3+}$	$SO^{2-}_{4}$

Note:
Generally, salts are ionic in nature and have strong bonds. High amount of energy is required to break them. Such ionic compounds have a regular pattern of arrangement of ions in the structure.