Question

The name of Temin and Baltimore is associated with
(a) Photorespiration
(b) RNA synthesis
(c) Reverse transcription
(d) All of the above

Answer 1

In molecular biology DNA after transcription from RNA and RNA after translation form protein. The formation of DNA from RNA is also known as teminism which formed from the polypeptide. The RNA is double-stranded which forms double-stranded DNA.

Complete answer:
H.M.Temin, S. Mizutani, and David Baltimore discovered retrovirus in 1970. The retrovirus contains RNA as genetic material by producing an enzyme reverse transcriptase. The enzyme reverse transcriptase follows central dogma in a reverse manner where it synthesizes DNA over the template of RNA by inserting a copy of RNA genome in DNA which leads to change in the genome of DNA. The DNA then functions as a master copy that produces RNA and polypeptide by transcription and translation process.

Additional information:
In AIDs HIV consist of retrovirus which enters the macrophage and shed its covering by which the free RNA with reverse transcription starts synthesizing the copy of DNA by which the complement DNA get attach with the DNA and start the synthesis of RNA and protein which packed together to form virus and several copies of virus get formed which invade new macrophage and number of viruses get increased. In reverse transcription macrophage also results in mutation by which mutable virus is formed. The increase in the number of genomic RNA and viral protein decreases the number of T-cells which weakens the immune system of the body which increases the chances of infection.

So, the correct answer is ‘Reverse transcription’.

Note: Retrovirus is a widespread mechanism of genetic exchange. Over 33% of humans consist of the retroviral genome which is known as transposons and 8% consist of human endogenous retrovirus. The life cycle of a retrovirus is divided into two-phase wherein the first phase binding of DNA takes place with complementary DNA and in the second phase expression of a viral gene continues and infection starts.