Question

The leaf in which the stomata remains confined to the lower surface of leaf is known as
A.Amphistomatic
B.Hypostomatic
C.Epistomatic
D.All of the above

Answer 1

In all green plants, there are certain parts that are important and play a critical role in various processes of life. One of the critical components involved in gaseous exchange is stomata. Thousands of stomata are located on the surface of the leaves. Most of these are located in the leaves on the lower side.

Complete answer:
The small openings present on the epidermis of the leaves are stomata. Under the light microscope, we will see stomata. Stomata are found on stems and other plant parts in some of the species. During gaseous exchange and photosynthesis, stomata play an important role.

The stomata are composed of minute stoma pores surrounded by a pair of guard cells. Stomata, according to the turgidity of guard cells, open and close. It is tough and flexible with the cell wall covering the pore. In both monocots and dicots, the form of guard cells typically varies, though the mechanism appears to be the same. Guard cells contain chloroplasts and are bean-shaped. They are chlorophyll-containing and absorb light energy.

Surrounding the guard cells are the subsidiary cells. They are the accessory cells for protecting cells and are located in plant epidermis. They are present between guard cells and epidermal cells and when the guard cells expand during stomatal opening, they protect epidermal cells.

The total number of stomata per square mm of the leaf surface is approximately 300.

1.On both surfaces, the amphistomatous leaves have stomata. The majority of plants have a distribution like this.
2.Only on the lower surface does the hypostomatous leaf have stomata. many tree species , such as horse chestnut and basswood, are characterised by Hypostomatous leaves
3.Only on the upper surface of the leaf does the epistomatic leaf have stomata. Any plants that are floating are epistomatous.
4.There are stomata in a heterostomatous leaf that occur at more than twice the rate on the abaxial surface than on the adaxial surface.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B)

Note: Stomata are distributed differently between dicots and monocots, between leaves on the upper side and underside, between various species of plants, etc.Stomata are mostly found on plant surfaces that flourish under higher light availability, lower atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide, and also in humid environments.The lower surface of a dicot leaf has a greater distribution of stomata compared to the upper surface, whereas the upper and lower surfaces usually see an equal distribution of stomata in a monocot leaf.