Question

The largest known human gene is________
(a)Dystrophin
(b)Atrophin
(c)Trophin
(d)Ditropan

Answer 1

This is a protein found in muscle cells. It is a group of proteins that work together to strengthen muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax.

Complete answer:
-DMD, the most important known human gene, provides instructions for creating a protein called dystrophin.
-This protein is present primarily in muscles used for movement or skeletal muscles and in heart muscle.
-Small amounts of dystrophin are present in nerve cells within the brain.
-The dystrophin gene is the largest known human gene, containing 79 exons and spanning > 2,200 kb, roughly 0.1 percent of the whole genome.

Additional Information:
-The dystrophin-associated proteins are often divided into three groups supporting their cellular localization: extracellular, transmembrane, cytoplasmic.
-In skeletal and cardiac muscles, dystrophin is a component of a group of proteins or a protein complex that employs together to strengthen muscle fibers and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax.
-The dystrophin complex can also play a task in cell signaling by interacting with proteins that send and receive chemical signals.
-Duchenne is a result of mutations in the dystrophin gene.
-The mutations in the DMD gene have been identified in people with the Duchenne and Becker forms of muscular dystrophy.
-These conditions occur almost exclusively in males and are characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting or atrophy and a heart condition called dilated cardiomyopathy.
So, the correct answer is, ‘Dystrophin.’

Note: -Most commonly, one or more exons are missing, and therefore the remaining exons don’t fit together properly.
-As for this error in the genetic instructions, cells cannot make dystrophin, protein muscles need to work properly.
-In the absence of dystrophin, muscle cells are damaged, and, over time, are replaced with connective tissue and fat during a process called fibrosis.