Question

The hybridization of central of $_ \bullet ^ \bullet {H_2}O$ is-

Answer 1

For solving this question we must have the knowledge of hybridization. Hybridization is the concept of mixing of the atomic orbitals into the new hybrid orbitals, so that the compounds that they form are more stable. This intermixing is based on quantum mechanics.

Complete step-by-step answer: The general rule of hybridization depicts that only the central atom undergoes the hybridization process. The general rule of the hybridization is that only the central atom will undergo the process of hybridization. In the hybridization of water orbitals which have the same energy level will combine such that to form hybrid orbitals. In the process of ${H_2}O$ hybridization, the oxygen atom is $s{p^3}$ hybridized.
In the case of ${H_2}O$ , ${H_2}O$ has 2(1) + 6 = 8 valence electrons and it has the tetrahedral arrangement of electrons around the oxygen atom. It consists of an atom of oxygen in the center and two atoms of hydrogen around the central atom. ${H_2}O$ structure consists of two electron pairs around the oxygen atom, which we will observe in the Lewis structure of water that is $_ \bullet ^ \bullet {H_2}O$.
Molecular structure of ${H_2}O$ consists of a tetrahedral arrangement of two lone pairs and two bonding pairs of electrons. The bond angle of ${H_2}O$ is ${104.5^0}$ and the geometry is angular or V shaped.

Thus the hybridization of the central atom of ${H_2}O$ tetrahedral.

Note: Hybridization is the concept which has both importance in organic as well as inorganic chemistry. It is due to the fact that it is the only simple model which can explain approximately molecular geometry of organic compounds.