Question

The Homogeneous catalysts is shown by:
A.Haber’s process ${{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + 3}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Fe}}}}{\text{2N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$
B.Ostwald process ${\text{4N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{ + 5}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Pt}}}}{\text{4NO + 6}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$
C.Contact Process ${\text{2S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\xrightarrow{{{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{5}}}}}{\text{2S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$
D.${\text{2}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{OH}}\xrightarrow{{\;\;{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{ - O - }}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$

Answer 1

Homogeneous catalysts are the catalysts that present in the same phase as the reactants and this type of catalysis that occurs in their presence is known as homogeneous catalysis.

Complete step by step answer:
In the case in option A, we discuss Haber’s process which involves the formation of ammonia gas from the reaction of nitrogen gas with hydrogen gas in the presence of iron as a catalyst at low temperature and high pressure. Since both the reactants used are gaseous whereas the catalyst is solid so we can say all the reactants and catalysts are not in the same phase. Hence, it is not an example of a homogeneous catalyst. The reaction for Haber’s process is given below:
${{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + 3}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Fe}}}}{\text{2N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$
In the case of option B, we discuss Ostwald’s process which is used for the formation of nitric acid. The first step of the chemical reaction used in the process is given here. In this given reaction ammonia reacts with oxygen gas in the presence of Platinum ($Pt$). Since both ammonia and oxygen are gases but Platinum ($Pt$) is solid so again we can say that reactants and catalysts are in a different phase. Hence it is not an example of a homogeneous catalyst. The reaction for Ostwald’s process is given below:
${\text{4N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{ + 5}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Pt}}}}{\text{4NO + 6}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$
In the case of option C, The chemical reaction given involves sulfur dioxide and oxygen as a reactant and vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst since both reactant and catalyst are in different phases so again this is not an example of a homogeneous catalyst. The reaction is given below:
${\text{2S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\xrightarrow{{{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{5}}}}}{\text{2S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$
In the case of option D, both ethyl alcohol and sulphuric acid are in the liquid phase so we can say it is an example of a homogeneous catalyst. The reaction is given below:
${\text{2}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{OH}}\xrightarrow{{\;\;{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{ - O - }}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$
Hence the correct answer is option D.

Note:
The working of a homogeneous catalyst is based on the intermediate formation theory. According to it the catalyst undergoes a chemical combination with one or more reactants and forms intermediate complexes that get decomposed or combine with other reactants to form products.