Question

The head of mature mammalian sperm is made of
(a)An acrosome
(b)Elongated nucleus covered by the acrosome
(c)Two centrioles and an axial filament
(d)Nucleus, acrosome, cytoplasm, and mitochondrial sheath

Answer 1

There are two components in the head of mature mammalian sperm. It consists of a membrane-bound organelle that has the genetic material and is surrounded by a structure derived from the Golgi apparatus that is cap-like and exists at the anterior end of the sperm head. There are digestive enzymes in the surrounding sheet.

Complete answer:
The sperm cell of mammals consists of a head, a centerpiece, and a tail. The head comprises a tightly coiled chromatin fiber nucleus. It is surrounded anteriorly by an acrosome and the acrosome contains enzymes that are used to enter the female egg.
The sperm head comprises the nucleus that is responsible for zygote formation since it fuses with the ova. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus. There is a sperm cap present on the head of the sperm that is known as the acrosome. The acrosome includes lytic enzymes used to dissolve ovum membranes.

Additional Information: An acrosomal membrane binds the acrosome and includes certain acrosomal polysaccharides such as galactose, mannose, fructose, and hexosamine. A large number of enzymes in the acrosome, especially hydrolases, are also present. It also contains two of the most important enzymes that act during sperm entry into the ovum, such as hyaluronidase and zona lysin or acrosin.
There is a cone-shaped structure called the axial body or acrosomal cone between the acrosome and the nucleus in the sperm of certain species, such as fowl. The acrosomal cone at the time of fertilization grows into an acrosomal filament. There is very little cytoplasm between the nucleus and the sperm head's plasma membrane.
So, the correct answer is, ‘Elongated nucleus covered by acrosome’.

Note: In various groups of vertebrates, the form, size, and function of the sperm head vary greatly. The head of sperm performs two roles such as genetic and activation.
In the sperm nucleus, which consists almost entirely of DNA plus nuclear proteins, the genetic process is expressed and is thus responsible for the transmission of male hereditary characteristics. o The sperm nucleus occupies much of the head and its shape, eventually, it defines the shape of the head of the sperm.