Question

The geometry of ${\left[ {Ag{{(N{H_3})}_2}} \right]^ + }$and ${\left[ {Cu{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_4}} \right]^{2 + }}$ are respectively:

Answer 1

We will first look at the hybridization of each molecule. We will first look at the hybridization of ${\left[ {Cu{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_4}} \right]^{2 + }}$and then later the hybridization of ${\left[ {Ag{{(N{H_3})}_2}} \right]^ + }$. Using the hybridisations we can answer the geometry of both.

Complete answer:
Let's look at the electronic configuration of ${\left[ {Cu{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_4}} \right]^{2 + }}$
$_{29}Cu = 1{s^2},2{s^2}2{p^6},3{s^2}3{p^6}3{d^{10}}4{s^1}$
$C{u^{2 + }} = \left[ {Ar} \right]3{d^9}4{s^0}4{p^0}$
This will give us $ds{p^2}$hybridization as it has 1 empty d-orbital, 1 empty s-orbital and 2 p-orbitals.
Hence, geometry ${\left[ {Cu{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_4}} \right]^{2 + }}$ion is square-planar and it is paramagnetic ion, as it has one unpaired electron.
Now about ${\left[ {Ag{{(N{H_3})}_2}} \right]^ + }$:
$Ag = 4{d^9}4{s^2}$
Hence, $A{g^ + } = 4{d^{10}}$
$4{d^{10}}$means no empty d-orbital, hence 2 $N{H_3}$molecules will occupy 1s-orbital and 1 p-orbital.
Hence its hybridization is $sp$, which gives linear geometry.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION :
The compound ${\left[ {Cu{{\left( {N{H_3}} \right)}_4}} \right]^{2 + }}$will be named as :
Name the ligand (ammine-$N{H_3}$) first, then add the prefix (tetra-4) to indicate the number of ligands. 2. Using the suffix ion, write the centre atom (copper-$Cu$) followed by its oxidation state (ii) in roman letters (since it is not a neutral entity).
Tetraamminecopper(ii)ion
We can also say that , because $N{H_3}$ is a strong field ligand and is monodentate, it will only offer a single lone pair to $Cu$. However, because there are four $N{H_3}$, they will each give four lone pairs to $Cu$.
As a result, this compound's hybridization is dsp2.
It also has a square planar form.
And the compound[${\left[ {Ag{{(N{H_3})}_2}} \right]^ + }$will be named as: Diamminesilver(I) hydroxide.

Note:
The compound ${\left[ {Ag{{(N{H_3})}_2}} \right]^ + }$ It's also known as Tollen’s reagent.Tollen's reagent is a chemical reagent used to detect aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes, and alpha-hydroxy ketone functional groups.