Question

The formation of an extra embryo from nucellus or integument is
A. Simple polyembryony
B. Adventive polyembryony
C. Vegetative polyembryony
D. Cleavage polyembryony

Answer 1

Apomictic diploid nucellar embryo. Apomixis is the replacement of normal sexual reproduction with a form of reproduction that does not involve meiosis or syngamy. The embryo of the Nucellus is apomictic haploid. The nucellus of phanerogams is a parenchymatous, haploid nutritive tissue found in the ovule.

Complete answer:
The nucellar embryo is a type of seed reproduction found in a variety of plant species, including citrus. The nucellar embryo is a type of apomixis in which nucellar embryos are formed from the ovule's nucellus tissue without the need for meiosis or sexual reproduction.
The nucellus tissue that surrounds the megagametophyte can produce nucellar cells, also known as initial cells, during the development of seeds in plants with this genetic trait. These extra embryos (polyembryony) have the same genetic makeup as the parent plant, making them clones.
Zygotic seedlings, on the other hand, are produced sexually and inherit genetic material from both parents. Double fertilization is used by the majority of angiosperms to reproduce sexually. Double fertilization, unlike nucellar embryonic, is accomplished through the syngamy of sperm and egg cells, resulting in a triploid endosperm and a diploid zygotic embryo.
Adventive Polyembryony is a type of Apomixis in which sporophytic budding results in the formation of extra embryos. One or more diploid sporophytic cells, either nucellus or integuments, go through embryogenesis stages before becoming mature embryos.
Cleavage Polyembryony is the cleavage of an embryo into multiple embryos from a single fertilized egg. The zygote divides in an irregular pattern several times to form a mass of cells that can develop into embryos.
As a result, adventive polyembryony refers to the formation of an extra embryo from the nucellus or integument.

Thus, the answer is option B: adventive polyembryony.

Note: Both fertilized and unfertilized ovules can develop nucellar embryos. Furthermore, rather than using the endosperm as a nutritive tissue, it will eat the nucellus tissue around it. In both fertilized and unfertilized conditions, the ‘Valencia' orange, for example, undergoes nucellar embryonic development. However, under fertilized or unfertilized conditions, nucellar embryo development has been discovered.