Question

The force responsible for the distribution of ionic compound in water is:
A. Dipole-dipole forces
B. Ion-dipole forces
C. Ion-ion forces
D. Hydrogen forces

Answer 1

We should know that; the ionic compounds are those compounds that are usually made up of ions and those ions further gives both the charges i.e. positive and negative. And ionic compounds dissolve in water because the water molecules hydrate the ions.

Complete step by step solution:
To dissolve an ionic compound in water so that its ions can be distributed, the water molecules must be able to stabilize the ions that result from breaking the ionic bond present in the compound. And this is done by hydrating the ions.
We know that water (with chemical formula, ${{H}_{2}}O$) is a polar molecule and it has a permanent dipole. The oxygen atom has a partially negative charge while the hydrogen atoms in the molecule has a partially positive charge.
So, when we place an ionic compound in water, the water molecules try to attract the positive and negative ions from the structure of the compound. The negative ion attracts the positive hydrogen pole while the positive ion attracts the negative oxygen pole around it. Then, the water molecule reduces the attraction between the ionic ions, so that the ions are hydrated. Therefore, there is an interaction ion-dipole force on the ionic compounds which tends for the distribution of the ionic particles in water.
Hence, the correct option is B.

Note: It is important to note that the ionic compounds are water soluble in nature. The ion-dipole forces are just similar to that of the dipole-dipole interaction with only one difference that is, the bond is formed between ions and water molecules. While in dipole-dipole interaction, the bonds are formed between polar molecules only.