Question

The first ionization energy of $Be$ is smaller than that of $B$ while the second ionization energy of $Be$ is greater than that of $B$ . Answer whether the above statement is true or false. If true, enter 1, else 0.

Answer 1

The ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutrally isolated gaseous atom to convert it into a positively charged cation. Thus, the lower the ionization energy of an element, the easier to take out the electron from its valence shell. It is difficult to extract an electron if it has a stable electronic configuration.

Complete step by step answer:
The atomic number of beryllium and boron is four and five, respectively. The electronic configuration of boron and beryllium can be written as:
$Be = 1{s^2}2{s^2}$
$B = 1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^1}$
As we can see that the beryllium atom is in a fully filled stable electronic configuration and extracting an electron from this fully filled stable atom will require much more energy than that of the boron which does not have a fully filled stable electronic configuration. Hence, the first ionization energy of $Be$ is greater than that of $B$ .
${(I.{E_1})_{Be}} > {(I.{E_1})_B}$
Now, after extracting one electron from both the atoms, we have:
$B{e^ + } = 1{s^2}2{s^1}$
${B^ + } = 1{s^2}2{s^2}$
The $B{e^ + }$ ion has achieved the electronic configuration of lithium and the ${B^ + }$ ion has achieved the electronic configuration of beryllium. Now, the beryllium ion does not have a fully filled stable electronic configuration whereas the boron ion has achieved a fully filled stable electronic configuration. This means that the second ionization energy of boron will be greater than that of the beryllium.
${(I.{E_2})_B} > {(I.{E_2})_{Be}}$
Thus, the statement is true

Note:
The first ionization energy of any element means the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron from the valence shell of the atom. On the other hand, the amount of energy required to remove the second electron from the outermost valence shell of the atom is known as the second ionization energy.