Question

The fight or flight-response is developed by the hormones of
A. Hypothalamus
B. Middle pituitary
C. Adrenal medulla
D. Adrenal cortex

Answer 1

Hormones are the chemical substances which are released by endocrine glands for the functioning of different body organs. The hormonal activities are not hereditary.

Complete answer:
Hormones are the chemical messengers which are discharged into the blood. Blood helps in the transmission of hormones to different organs and tissues of the human body. After going to the target site these hormones start binding to the receptor and then transmit the message and make an organ to perform its specific activity. These are made in different endocrine glands inside the human body. Some of the glands are hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal etc. After the synthesis these hormones are discharged in the blood. Hypothalamus- The hormone is below the thalamus and above the pituitary. The function of hypothalamus is to tell the pituitary either to release or inhibit the hormone. Pituitary- It is also known as master gland as it regulates different hormonal glands like adrenal, thyroid etc. It contains two lobes anterior and posterior and the intermediate lobe which joins these two. The middle pituitary secretes the Melanocyte stimulating hormone which helps in the production of melanin for skin and hair. Adrenal- The human body contains one pair of glands. The gland is made up of inner gland Adrenal medulla and outer gland Adrenal cortex. Adrenaline helps in the regular visceral function. The hormones produced by adrenal medulla are Adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or norepinephrine. These hormones are produced in excitement, stress, thrill, risk and any emergency situation also called as emergency hormones or hormones of fight or flight. Adrenaline helps the body to respond fast which makes the heart pump faster improve the blood flow to the brain and muscle and helps the body to use sugar for fuel. These hormones adrenaline or noradrenaline increase the heartbeat and rate of respiration.

So the correct answer is C.

Note: Stress, anxiety on the adrenal gland makes the adrenaline rush. During the time of exercise adrenaline starts rising partially from increased secretion from adrenal medulla and partly from decreased metabolism of reduced blood flow. The pupil response by varying the size is because of adrenaline.