Question

The eye of the octopus and mammals, this example does not hold a similarity with which of the following examples?
A. Wings of the butterfly.
B. Flippers of penguins and Dolphins.
C. Brains of vertebrates.
D. Both A and B.

Answer 1

If two animals have the same features (structure/function) there are two possibilities. First, possibility-The two animals are evolutionarily close to each other, hence they share the same evolution of that organ/structure. This is homology. The second possibility- the two animals are far apart on the evolutionary tree but adapted to the same environment and conditions and thus evolved the same structure. This is an analogy.

Complete solution:
The Eyes of octopus and human are examples of analogy or convergent evolution.
Brains of vertebrates are an example of homology or divergent evolution. Similar structures (brain) evolve in different species due to similar evolutionary origins.
The octopus and humans both needed light sensitivity for better survival so they evolved similar types of eyes even though they are very different.
Vertebrates generated a brain that got modified in the individual classes and order, families, genera, and species.

So the correct answer for this question is option C.

Additional information:
Other examples of convergent and divergent evolution-
Wings of insects and birds have evolved by convergent evolution. They have analogous structures.
Darwin finches have evolved by divergent evolution. They have homologous structures.

Note: The eyes of octopus and mammals (such as humans) both evolved the same thing but they are different animals. But in vertebrates, all developed different versions of the brain from the same evolutionary brain.