Question

The endosymbiont theory explains all of the following except
(a)The similar size that mitochondria and chloroplast share
(b)The presence of mitochondria in ribosomes
(c)The presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
(d)The presence of membrane composed of the lipid bilayer in chloroplasts
(e)The presence of membrane protein on the prokaryote cell membrane

Answer 1

It is the unified and widely accepted theory of how organelles arose in organisms, differing prokaryotic organisms from eukaryotic organisms. In this theory, consistent with general evolutionary theory, all organisms arose from a single common ancestor. This precursor presumably took after microorganisms, or prokaryotes with a solitary strand of DNA encompassed by a plasma layer.

Complete answer
The endosymbiotic hypothesis is a developmental hypothesis that clarifies how eukaryotic cells advanced from prokaryotic creatures.
Evidence of the endosymbiotic theory is:
1. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are double membrane-bound cell organelles. The inner membrane probably evolved from the cell wall of the engulfed bacterium and the outer membrane from the cell wall or endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell.
2. There is almost a similar size of mitochondria and chloroplast and bacteria and their ribosomes.
3. Cristae of mitochondria take after the collapsed films are gatherings of bacteria.
4. Mitochondria and chloroplast both have circular DNA almost like those of bacterial DNA.

Additional information:
The most convincing proof which supports endosymbiotic theory has been obtained relatively recently, with the invention of DNA sequencing. DNA sequencing allows us to directly compare two molecules of DNA, and appearance at their exact sequences of amino acids. Logically, if two organisms share a sequence of DNA exactly, it's more likely that the sequence was inherited through common descent than the sequence arose independently. Thus, it is much more likely that organisms who share sequences of DNA inherited them from an ancestor who found them useful.

So the correct answer to the above question is ‘The presence of membrane protein on prokaryote cell membrane’.

Note: Some bacteria acquired the ability to process energy from the environment in novel ways. The photosynthetic bacteria formed the pathways that enabled the production of sugar with the help of sunlight. Other organisms developed novel ways to use this sugar is an organic process, which produced ATP from the breakdown of sugar with oxygen. ATP can then be wont to supply energy to other reactions within the cell.