Question

The diversity of an ecosystem of total geographical area is called
A. Ecological integrity
B. $\alpha$- diversity
C. $\beta$- diversity
D. $\gamma$- diversity

Answer 1

Different types of species are found in an ecosystem. Diversity can be found on the basis of their community or habitat. It can be inter-community diversity and overall diversity at the landscape level. Ecosystem diversity is divided into three types that are – alpha, beta, and gamma. Change in latitude or altitude causes variations.

Complete answer:
Alpha diversity is the diversity of species in a given community or habitat. Species richness and evenness or equability is the basis of alpha diversity.
In beta diversity, variability occurs in the communities due to replacement of species with the change in communities or habitat. Many microhabitats, niches, are present due to which habitat of the organisms change according to their need. Difference in their environmental condition is observed.
Gamma diversity represents the diversity in habitats or ecosystems over a total landscape or geographical area. It includes both alpha and beta diversity.
Biodiversity increases from high to low altitudes that means from poles to equator. The main basis of diversity of an ecosystem is dependent on physical characteristics of the environment, diversity of species and interaction between them.
From the above information we can say that the diversity of an ecosystem of total geographical area is called gamma diversity.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Note: Diversity between organisms is very useful to maintain balance between organisms. It is significant for human existence. Availability of oxygen is increased as by the process of photosynthesis. It is domiciled in the habitat. Diversity in aquatic environments provides more oxygen to aquatic organisms by purifying water with the help of a variety of plant species found there. Diversity also serves to increase the use of organisms for different purposes like medicines and herbs for human use.