Question

The correct sequence of anaerobic respiration in yeast is
(a) $Glucose \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Pyruvate \ \xrightarrow{Mitochondria} \ Ethanol \ + \ Carbon \ dioxide$
(b) $Glucose \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Pyruvate \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Lactic \ Acid$
(c) $Glucose \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Pyruvate \ \xrightarrow{Mitochondria} \ Lactic \ Acid$
(d) $Glucose \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Pyruvate \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Ethanol \ + \ Carbon \ dioxide$

Answer 1

Through the process of fermentation, some kinds of cells may release energy. An anaerobic respiration mechanism is accompanied by yeast. In the gelatinous substance that fills the cell, this happens. Alcohol is one of their end products.

Complete answer:
Fermentation requires glycolysis (responsible for the production of two pyruvic acid molecules from hexose sugar molecules such as glucose), but not the other parts of cellular aerobic respiration. Glycolysis is accompanied by one of two mechanisms during fermentation: the pyruvate produced breaks down, depending on the organism, to become either lactate or alcohol.
When muscles work hard, they require more oxygen in larger animals such as vertebrates than the body can provide. Mitochondrial action shuts down when the oxygen runs out. However, in the cytoplasm, glycolysis proceeds to break down glucose into molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvate molecules break down to form lactate in the absence of oxygen.
A different fermentation method is carried out by microorganisms. Most foods are available due to the fermentation process carried out by microorganisms. The flavors of various cheeses, in which their fermentation produces lactate, are responsible for several different bacteria. Yeasts often break down fermentation sugars, but carbon dioxide (which we use to raise bread) and ethanol are the end products. This form of fermentation enables us, for instance, to produce wine from grapes. Traditionally, the fermentation of grains has been used for producing beer. More recently, it also provides us with new fuels for our internal combustion engines, replacing the need for fossil-fuel gasoline.
So, the correct answer is, ‘(d) $Glucose \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Pyruvate \ \xrightarrow{Cytoplasm} \ Ethanol \ + \ Carbon \ dioxide$’.

Note: The catabolic process is respiration, which releases energy retained in the food. It can be either anaerobic or aerobic. Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen. Lactic acid fermentation, which takes place in higher animal muscles, and alcoholic fermentation, which is carried out by unicellular species such as yeast, are two significant forms of anaerobic respiration. In the cytoplasm, yeast anaerobically breaks down pyruvic acid into ethanol and carbon dioxide. In the process of glycolysis, pyruvic acid is formed in the cytoplasm.