Question

The correct match is
I. DCT - Secretion of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ ions
II. Henle's loop - Reabsorption of glucose, water and Na+ ions
III. Podocytes - Attached to the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
IV. JGA - Rise in glomerular blood pressure activates it to release rennin
A) III
B) II
C) I
D) IV

Answer 1

The DCT stands for distal convoluted tubule. Henle’s loop, Bowman’s capsule and Juxta Glomerular apparatus are the parts of the nephron which is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. The function of the nephron is excretion, secretion, reabsorption.

Complete answer:
The nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney. The main parts of the nephrons are Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, Henle’s loop and collecting duct.

Let us discuss the given options.
DCT- DCT stands for Distal convoluted tubule. It is the part of the nephron which lies in between Henle’s loop and the collecting duct. This region is mainly concerned with secretion. The secretion of sodium and potassium ions take place in this region. (Statement I is correct)

Henle’s Loop- It is the U-shaped loop where the reabsorption of water and sodium chloride takes place. The main function of this loop is the concentration of urine. The reabsorption of glucose takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule. Hence statement II is incorrect.

Podocytes- These are the cells in the Bowman’s capsule that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus. They form the epithelial lining of the Bowman’s capsule. They reside in the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule. They help in regulating glomerular filtration.

JGA- Juxta Glomerular Apparatus is the specialised cells that are present near the glomerular surface of the kidney. They regulate the secretion of the adrenal hormone aldosterone. It plays a major role in renal autoregulation.

The correct answer is option ‘C’ i.e, I.

Note: The last part of the kidney is the collecting duct which helps in maintaining the fluid and electrolyte balance through excretion and reabsorption. Aldosterone and vasopressin are the antidiuretic hormones that regulate the process of urine formation.