Question

The concept that acid is proton donor and base is proton acceptor was given by
A.Arrhenius
B.Lowry- Bronsted
C.Lewis
D.Faraday

Answer 1

We know that acid is a substance that gives hydrogen ions and the base is the one that gives hydroxide ions. An acid is a substance that donates proton and base accepts a proton. There are different theories to define what an acid and a base is.

Complete step by step answer:
As we know that acid is a substance that gives hydrogen ions and the base is a substance that gives hydroxide ions.
According to the Arrhenius concept of acids, it states that acid is a substance which when dissolved in water donates a hydrogen ion ${H^ + }$ or those which increase the concentration of hydrogen ions present.
And the Arrhenius, the base is that molecule which when dissolved in water, donates a hydroxide ion $O{H^ - }$ or which increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.
According to the Bronsted Lowry concept of acids and bases, acid is a proton donor and base is a proton acceptor.
We consider the example $HCl(aq) + N{H_3}(aq) \to NH_4^ + (aq) + C{l^ - }(aq)$
Here HCl donates a proton to ammonia which accepts the proton forming a positively charged ammonium ion and a negatively charged chloride ion.
Therefore $HCl$ is a Bronsted Lowry acid as it donates a proton and ammonia is a Bronsted Lowry base as it accepts a proton.
Thus we can conclude from this that a Bronsted Lowry acid is a proton donor and a Bronsted Lowry base is a proton acceptor.
The Lewis acid is a substance which can accept a pair of nonbonding electrons and an atom or a molecule with lone pair of electrons which it can donate is termed as Lewis base.

So, the correct answer is Option B.

Note: The acids and bases though having different definitions among different concepts but the meaning is the same. Also, the fundamental concept is that they react with each other and form conjugate acid and conjugate base through the exchange of a hydrogen ion.