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Question: The compound \({{C}_{6}}{{H}_{12}}\)shows optical isomerism. Draw the structural formula of the comp...

The compound C6H12{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{12}}shows optical isomerism. Draw the structural formula of the compound and name it.

Explanation

Solution

HINT: Dissymmetric molecules show optical activity. The compounds which change the direction of light when a plane of polarised light is passed through them are optically active. They are named according to the direction towards which they change the light.

COMPLETE STEP BY STEP SOLUTION: As we know, optical isomers are compounds having the same atoms and bonds but in different spatial arrangements and will have non-superimposable mirror images. These non-superimposable mirror images are called enantiomers.
Optical activity of a molecule does not depend on its chirality. If the molecule is dissymmetric and has at least one non superimposable mirror image, it exhibits optical activity.
Chiral centre is an atom to which 4 different groups or atoms are bonded so that they can form a non-superimposable mirror image.
Over here, we have C6H12{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{12}}which shows optical isomerism which means it has a dissymmetric structure i.e. it cannot be a straight six membered chain also, if it is a six membered straight chain, the hydrogen count would increase-


Therefore, this cannot be the structure.
As we can understand from the above example, in order to make an optically active compound fromC6H12{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{12}}, we have to make a five membered alkene structure to which one methyl group is added to a C-atom. Therefore, we can draw the structure as-


The name of the above compound will be- 3-methylpent-1-ene as the methyl group is at the third carbon and the double bond at the first carbon.
The above centre has a chiral centre, passing through C-3. We can draw its mirror image as-

As it has a non-superimposable mirror image, it is optically active.

**Therefore, the name of the optically activeC6H12{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{12}}compound is 3-methylpent-1-ene and its structure is-

NOTE: It is important to remember here that optical activity does not depend on the chirality of a molecule. It is also important to remember the IUPAC naming norms in order to name the compound.