Question

The chemical reaction $HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + {H_2}O$ is an example of:
A. addition reaction
B. Substitution reaction
C. elimination reaction
D. neutralization reaction

Answer 1

In chemistry, the neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution. The $pH$ of the neutralized solution depends on the strength of the acid present in the reactants.

Complete step by step answer:
Let us discuss all the reactions mentioned in the options.

(i) Addition reaction: In chemistry, two or more reactants combine together to form a single large product with greater mass than each of the individual reactants. An example of an addition reaction is as follows:
$C{H_2} = C{H_2} + B{r_2} \to C{H_2}Br - C{H_2}Br$

(ii) Substitution reaction: In chemistry, the substituents of the reactants get exchanged among each other to yield new products. An example of a substitution reaction is as follows:
$C{H_4} + C{l_2} \to C{H_3}Cl + HCl$
In organic chemistry, there are two types of nucleophilic substitution reaction: first nucleophilic substitution reaction (unimolecular reaction of first order) and second nucleophilic substitution reaction (bimolecular reaction of second order).

(iii) Elimination reaction: An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the ${E_2}$ reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the ${E_1}$ reaction. An example of an elimination reaction is as follows:
$C{H_3} - C{H_2} - OH \to C{H_2} = C{H_2} + {H_2}O$
(iv) Neutralization reaction: In a neutralization reaction, an acid reacts with an alkali or base to yield salt and water. An example of the neutralization reaction is as follows:
$HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + {H_2}O$

So, the correct answer is Option D .

Note:
A neutralization reaction finds many applications in our day to day lives, in the laboratories and in the chemical industries. Some of these applications are:
(i) Chemical titration in the laboratories.
(ii) In the wastewater treatment.
(iii) In the chemical synthesis of some nanomaterials.
(iv) In the fertilizers and in the control of the $pH$ of the soil.