Question

The bone matrix is rich in:
(a)Fluoride and Calcium
(b)Calcium and phosphorus
(c)Calcium and potassium
(d)Phosphorus and potassium

Answer 1

The bone matrix forms most of the mass of the bone. It is 33% organic (includes the collagen and ground substance) and 67% inorganic substances (inorganic bone salts, mainly the hydroxyapatite).

Complete step-by-step answer:
The bone matrix contains hydroxyapatite, which consists of mainly calcium and phosphorus with trace amounts of sodium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. After oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, calcium is the fifth most important element. It gives strength and hardens the framework of the bones and the deficiency causes osteoporosis, seizures, etc. An important component of the nucleic acid, ATP, phospholipids, etc. is phosphorous.
The bone matrix has participation in bone remodeling and releases several molecules that interfere in bone cell activity. They make a protein mixture which mineralizes to become bone known as osteoid and are located on the surface of osteon seams (this is located on the surface of a bone which is a narrow region of the newly formed organic matrix, not yet mineralized).
A hard matrix which is strengthened by fibers, and hardened by calcium and phosphorus salts, bone cells are embedded in this matrix. The hard matrix is in the form of concentric layers of lamellae formed around a central Haversian canal.

So, the correct answer is ‘Calcium and phosphorus’.

Note: Collagen is a protein that provides a soft framework. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content, also found in muscles, skin, and tendons. The bone is strong and flexible enough to withstand stress because of the combination of collagen and calcium makes