Question

The 2005 Nobel for physiology /medicine was awarded to Barry Marshall and Robin Warren of A. Australia for their discovery of
B. Human papillomavirus causing cervical cancer
C. Bacterium Helicobacter pylori causing peptic ulcer
D. Prions, a new biological principle of infection
E. Human immunodeficiency virus

Answer 1

Hint:- Barry Marshall is an Australian physician and also a Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia.
Robin Warren is an Australian pathologist at Royal Perth Hospital in Western Australia.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
- Both Barry Marshall and Robin Warren of Australia won the Nobel prize in 2005.
- Human papillomavirus causes cervical cancer- Zur Hausen was the scientist who discovered two strains of human papillomavirus (HPV).
- They were HPV16 and 18, which caused cervical cancer.
- His discovery leads to the improvement in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and also leads to the discovery of vaccines Gardasil and Cervarix.
- Zur Hausen won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the year 2008.
- Bacterium Helicobactor pylori causes a peptic ulcer- in the year 2005 Robin Warren and Barry J. Marshall.
- Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the human stomach which causes abnormalities like chronic superficial, peptic ulcer etc.
They found that
- Helicobactor pylori causes more than 90% of duodenal ulcers and more than 80% of gastric ulcers.
- Prions, a new biological principle of infection- Stanley Prusiner discovered an entirely new genre of disease-causing agents.
- He added prions to the list of disease-causing organisms like that of bacteria, viruses.
- For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine in the year 1997.
- Human immunodeficiency virus – Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering HIV.
- The virus was discovered in the lymphocytes of enlarged lymph nodes of a person during the early stage of acquired immunodeficiency.
- HIV virus affects immunity because of its replication on a large scale and which causes cell damage to the lymphocytes.

The 2005 Nobel for physiology /medicine was awarded to Barry Marshall and Robin
Warren of Australia for their discovery of Bacterium Helicobacter pylori causing peptic
Ulcer i.e. option C.

Note:-
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries in the field of life science and medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Foundation.
In 2020 the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine is awarded to Harvey J .Alter, Michel Houghton, and Charles M. Rice. For t5he discovery of the Hepatitis C virus.