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Question: \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{OH}} + {\t...

CH3−CH2−CH2−OH+SOCl2→{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{OH}} + {\text{SOC}}{{\text{l}}_2} \to

Explanation

Solution

We are given a reaction in which propyl alcohol (CH3−CH2−CH2−OH)\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{OH}}} \right) which is an alcohol reacts with thionyl chloride (SOCl2)\left( {{\text{SOC}}{{\text{l}}_2}} \right). Alkyl halide is formed in the reaction. Along with the alkyl halide two gaseous products are also formed.

Complete step by step answer:
We are given a reaction,
CH3−CH2−CH2−OH+SOCl2→{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{OH}} + {\text{SOC}}{{\text{l}}_2} \to
In the reaction, propyl alcohol (CH3−CH2−CH2−OH)\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{OH}}} \right) which is an alcohol reacts with thionyl chloride (SOCl2)\left( {{\text{SOC}}{{\text{l}}_2}} \right) which is a chlorinating agent.
Thionyl chloride decomposes very slowly to form disulphur dichloride (S2Cl2)\left( {{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}} \right), sulphur dioxide (SO2)\left( {{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}} \right) and chlorine (Cl2)\left( {{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}} \right).
When propyl alcohol reacts with thionyl chloride to form propyl chloride which is an alkyl halide. Along with propyl chloride, sulphur dioxide gas and hydrogen chloride gas are formed.
In the reaction of propyl alcohol with thionyl chloride, the hydroxide of propyl alcohol is substituted by chloride of thionyl chloride. Thus, it is a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
The reaction of propyl alcohol with thionyl chloride is as follows:
CH3−CH2−CH2−OH+SOCl2→CH3−CH2−CH2−Cl+SO2(g)+HCl(g){\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{OH}} + {\text{SOC}}{{\text{l}}_2} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2} - {\text{Cl}} + {\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}\left( {\text{g}} \right) + {\text{HCl}}\left( {\text{g}} \right)
Along with propyl chloride, sulphur dioxide gas and hydrogen chloride gas are formed. The gaseous products i.e. sulphur dioxide and hydrogen chloride escape out.
As the other products are gaseous products and they escape out, there is no alternate product other than propyl chloride in the reaction. Thus, the yield of the reaction is quite good.

Note: Thionyl chloride an inorganic compound. It is a good chlorinating agent. Thionyl chloride is toxic in nature and reacts with water to produce toxic hydrogen chloride gas. It is moderately volatile and a colourless liquid. It has a very unpleasant acrid odour.