Question

Temperature control centre is located in the
A. Hypophysis
B. Hypothalamus
C. Diencephalon
D. None of the above

Answer 1

The control of temperature in the human body is known as thermoregulation. It is a process that maintains the core internal temperature of the body. All the mechanisms of thermoregulation are designed to bring back the body into homeostasis conditions which is a state of equilibrium.

Complete answer:
The average temperature of a normal healthy internal body varies between baseline 98°F (37°C) and 100°F (37.8°C). At this temperature, a normal body functions its best. But extreme changes in body temperature can affect the ability of the body to function. When the body temperature falls to 95°F or lowers it may cause hypothermia. This condition of low body temperature can cause several disorders such as cardiac arrest, brain damage, or even death. And on the reverse condition when the body temperature rises as high as 107.6°F and it also leads to brain damage or even death.
There are various factors which can affect the temperature of the body, such as spending time in cold or hot weather conditions.
The core temperature of a human is mainly controlled and stabilized by the hypothalamus i.e. Temperature control centre is located in the hypothalamus. It is a region of the brain which connects the endocrine system to the nervous system and more specifically by the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the adjacent preoptic area regions of the hypothalamus.
When the internal temperature of the body changes, sensors present in the central nervous system of the body send messages to the hypothalamus region. And then it sends signals to various organs and systems present in the body. They respond with a variety of mechanisms.
When the body temperature gets high and the body needs to cool down, the mechanisms such as sweating and vasodilation are started. The four processes of cooling down the body are conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation. On the other hand, when the body temperature gets low and the body needs to warm up then the mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, thermogenesis, hormonal thermogenesis, etc started.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Thermoregulation is a combination of mechanisms that control the temperature of the body. The core centre of temperature control is present in the hypothalamus which is a region of the brain. This region connects the endocrine system to the nervous system. When the body temperature changes, the central nervous system of the body sends messages to the hypothalamus region. After that hypothalamus starts a variety of mechanisms to regulate and stabilize the body temperature.