Question

Tell what is used and produced in glycolysis.

Answer 1

Glycolysis is the cytoplasmic pathway and produces energy by releasing energy-producing chemical compounds. It is an anaerobic process, which occurs in the cytoplasm. It occurs in three parts:- phosphorylation, lysis and oxidation.

Complete answer:
In the process of energy released, six enzymes are required to complete its path. Along with the enzyme the other products used are glucose, and energy transferring molecules such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate. This process takes place in an anaerobic condition meaning at a place where there’s no oxygen present. The primary step in glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. Hexokinase enzyme catalyzes this step. Followed by this reaction is the rearrangement of glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate by glucose phosphate isomerase. Then the phospho-fructokinase, with magnesium as an enzyme, changes fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The enzyme aldolase splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate which are isomers of each other.
The enzyme triosephosphate isomerase converts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into one single molecule.Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase dehydrogenates and adds an inorganic phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which produces 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Then the phosphoglycerate kinase transfers a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP to form ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate. The enzyme phosphoglycero mutase replaces the phosphate from 3- phosphoglycerate from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate. Enzyme enolase extracts one molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to convert into phosphoenolpyruvic acid. Pyruvate kinase enzyme transfers a phosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP to form pyruvic acid and ATP. So, the product used is enzymes and glucose and energy-giving molecules. And the products are pyruvate and a hydrogen ion and some energy.

Note: Glycolysis takes place in the liquid part of the cytoplasm called cytosol. The most common path of glycolysis is the EMP pathway, which was discovered by scientists Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, Jakub Merol.