Question

Summarize the mutation theory.

Answer 1

Hugo de Vries (1901) proposed a theory of evolution called mutation theory based on the above observations. According to the theory, evolution is a jerky process in which mutations (discontinuous variations) serve as the raw material for new varieties and species.

Complete answer:
Each organism's DNA sequence is distinct. Its base-pairs sequence can change from time to time. It's called a mutation. Changes in proteins translated by the DNA may result from a mutation. Normally, cells can recognize and repair any damage caused by mutation before it becomes permanent.
Mutations, which are sudden and distinct heritable changes, are how new species emerge.
A mutant is the first person to exhibit a change. It is a pure breeder that passes on its mutation to its offspring, resulting in the emergence of a new species.
All organisms have a proclivity for mutation, but the rate of mutation varies depending on physiological and environmental factors.
Mutations are unpredictably unpredictable. It has the potential to be beneficial or harmful to mutants.
Because indeterminacy exists, different mutations can occur in different members of the same species, resulting in the emergence of many related new species from the same ancestral species at the same time.
Mutation's Effects
Several mutations cannot be passed down to the next generation. Somatic mutations occur when mutations occur in the somatic cells.
Mutations in the germline can be passed down through generations and can occur in reproductive cells.

Note:
Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation. The mutation is an important first step in evolution because it produces a new DNA sequence for a specific gene, resulting in a new allele. Intragenic recombination can also result in the creation of a new DNA sequence (a new allele) for a specific gene.