Question

Study the following lists.

List-I	List-II
a) Colony hybridization	I) Transfer of recombinant DNA into a host cell
b) Gel electrophoresis	II) Selection of cells containing the desired gene
c) Gradient centrifugation	III) Separation of DNA fragments
d) Polymerase chain reaction	IV) Purification of DNA
V) Gene cloning in thermocycle

The correct match is
a) (a) – (IV), (b) – (V), (c) – (II), (d) – (III)
b) (a) – (I), (b) – (II), (c) – (III), (d) – (IV)
c) (a) – (II), (b) – (III), (c) – (IV), (d) – (V)
d) (a) – (III), (b) – (IV), (c) – (V), (d) – (II)

Answer 1

Polymerase chain reaction is the process through which multiple copies can be generated from a small amount of genetic material present. it is useful in the identification of the culprit in an investigation crime scene, it can also be used to solve the parental dispute of knowing the actual parent of the child.

Complete answer:
Colony hybridization is the process in which isolation of specific DNA sequences from the bacterial cells which have hybrid DNA present in them. This process is accomplished by the nitrocellulose filter membrane. This transferring membrane then goes through several chemical and physical treatment methods. Gel electrophoresis is a technique in which the separation of DNA fragments is done according to their size by the process of electrophoresis. In gel electrophoresis, agarose gel is used and DNA is cut into desired segment sizes and thorough this gel base electricity is passed. Gradient centrifugation is a technique used by the scientists to obtain purified DNA by the density. The centrifuge rotates the mixture at a higher speed and the molecules of higher weight settle down and the molecules with lower weight float above in the liquid. The polymerase chain reaction is the process in which the gene cloning is done. A gene can be cloned into multiple copies from a small sample. This technique is also known as the DNA fingerprinting.

So, the answer is ‘(a) – (II), (b) – (III), (c) – (IV), (d) – (V)’.

Note: In the process of gel electrophoresis wells are made in the agarose gel base and the DNA sample is transferred in those wells. The smaller segments move fast and reach the cathode end and the larger particles are unable to move and stay at the anode end.