Question

Statement I: Water makes a good buffer.
Statement II: A good buffer will resist changes in pH.
(A) Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1
(B) Both the Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is NOT the correct explanation of Statement 1
(C) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct
(D) Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct
(E) Both the Statement 1 and Statement 2 are not correct

Answer 1

A good buffer works to minimize the effect of any small amount of acid or base added to it. Water is neutral, thus it works to enhance the effect of the added substance in it. Thus water is not a buffer, it is medium only.

Complete step by step answer:
The buffer solution can be defined as a solution that can resist the changing of pH when a small amount of an acid or a base is added to it.
It is often used when any reaction or system is highly sensitive to pH change, such as in biological systems (like organisms) blood acts as a buffer solution and maintains any slight pH changes which occur in the system.
There are mainly acidic and basic buffer systems. Acidic buffer is a combination of a weak acid and its strong conjugate base with a pH of less than 7. Basic buffer is a combination of a weak base and its strong conjugate acid with pH more than 7.
Acidic buffer examples, $C{H_3}COOH/C{H_3}COONa,{H_3}P{O_4}/Na{H_2}P{O_4}$
Basic buffer examples, $N{H_4}OH/N{H_4}Cl,N{H_3}/N{H_4}Cl$ .
The pH of water is 7, that is it is neutral. When acid is added to water an increase in H+ ion concentration is observed that is pH $< 7$ (acidic solution), whereas upon addition of base OH- ion increases in the solution that is pH $> 7$ (basic solution).
It can be said that neural water acts as a medium since it increases the ions according to the addition of an acid or a base. Thus, water is not considered to be a buffer solution.
Thus, the answer is (E) that Statement 1 and Statement 2 both are incorrect.

Note:
Buffer solution works only when a small amount of acid or base is added, otherwise, it will be a solution.
To make a buffer solution always a weak substance and its conjugate strong salt combination can only be used.
Water can be termed as a medium but not a buffer as it works to ionize the substance in it, it can be said that water enhances the property of the substance added to it.