Question

Statement-1: In the fermentation process of molasses, along with yeast, ${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}S{O_{4}}$and ​${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_{3}}P{O_4}$are added.
Statement-2: Both ${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_{3}}P{O_4}$and ${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}S{O_{4}}$act as food and help in the growth of yeast.
A: Statement − 1 is true, Statement − 2 is true and Statement − 2 is the correct explanation for Statement − 1.
B: Statement − 1 is true, Statement − 2 is true and Statement − 2 is NOT the correct explanation for Statement − 1.
C: Statement − 1 is true, Statement − 2 is false.
D: Statement − 1 is false, Statement − 2 is true.

Answer 1

Molasses Fermentation refers to a biological process where sucrose from molasses gets converted to the cellular energy which eventually yields ethanol as well as carbon dioxide.

Complete step by step answer:
Fermentation is a process used to yield alcohol from the sugar. It is basically an anaerobic reaction, which indicates that it does not require any oxygen other than the oxygen atoms present in sugar. Molasses from the sugarcane or sugar serves as an appropriate substrate for the ethanol production via fermentation. The other ingredient apart from sugar required for the fermentation process is yeast. Yeast is a living microorganism which, in the fermentation process, helps the glucose molecule to break down into the constituent parts, which ultimately forms alcohol. The reactions for molasses fermentation can be written as follows:
${C_{12}}{H_{22}}{O_{11}} + {H_2}O\xrightarrow{{Invertase{\text{ from yeast}}}}{C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6} + {C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6}$
$\text{Molasses Glucose Fructose}$
${C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Zymase in yeast}}}}2{C_2}{H_5}OH + 2C{O_2}$
$\text{Glucose Ethanol}$

Nutrients such as nitrogen are usually supplied as ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate. The main advantage of ammonium salts is that they tend to decrease the pH once they are being used, which is also a prerequisite of the fermentation.
Therefore, in the fermentation process of molasses along with yeast ${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}S{O_{4}}$and ​${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_{3}}P{O_4}$are added. Due to these, nutrients such as $N,\;H,\;P,\;O$ are enhanced in processing of yeast.
In yeast fermentation, ${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}S{O_{4}}$and ​${\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_{3}}P{O_4}$both act as a growth promoter of yeast and fulfil the nutrition requirements.

Hence, the correct answer is Option A i.e. Statement − 1 is true, Statement − 2 is true and Statement − 2 is the correct explanation for Statement − 1.

Note: During the fermentation process, it is essential that oxygen must not enter the fermentation chamber. Addition of oxygen to the reaction leads to the formation of ethanoic acid instead of ethanol, which is the ultimate aim of the fermentation process.