Question

STATEMENT-1: Cast iron is different from pig iron.
STATEMENT-2: Cast iron made by melting pig iron with scrap iron using hot blast and has about $3\%$ carbon content.
A.Statement 1 is true, Statement-2 is True and, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement 1
B.Statement 1 is true, Statement-2 is True and, Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement 1
C.Statement 1 is true, Statement-2 is False
D.Statement 1 is false, Statement-2 is True

Answer 1

To answer this question, we require knowledge of the concept of extraction of iron in the blast furnace. The ores of iron usually used for iron extraction are haematite ${\text{(F}}{{\text{e}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{)}}$ and magnetite ${\text{(F}}{{\text{e}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{)}}$. These both ores are oxides and can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke.

Complete step by step answer:
Cast iron is iron or a ferrous alloy which has been heated until it liquefies, and is then poured into a mould to solidify. It is usually made from pig iron and cast iron is more refined than pig iron. Cast iron consists of $3\%$ carbon content.
Cast iron: Primarily contains iron ${\text{(Fe)}}$, carbon ${\text{(C)}}$ and silicon ${\text{(Si)}}$ but may also contain traces of sulphur, manganese and phosphorus. Its features are hard, brittle, non malleable and more fusible than steel. The structure is crystalline and fractures under excessive tension
Hence, Statement 1 is true, Statement-2 is True and Statement-2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Note:
The different types of iron and steel produced from the blast furnace. These include:
Wrought iron: It is the highly pure iron with all the carbon impurities removed. Its structure is soft with less structural strength. Used to make decorative gates and railings.
Mild steel: Contains iron with about $0.25\%$ of carbon impurities. The presence of impurities makes this form of steel stronger and harder than pure iron. More the impurities, the harder the steel becomes.
High carbon steel: Contains the maximum amount of carbon impurities $\left( {1.5\% } \right)$ . This presence of extra carbon impurities makes it hard but also gives it brittle characteristics.