Question

State the various statements of the second law of thermodynamics.

Answer 1

This law of thermodynamics put restrictions on the direction in which heat transfer occurs and on efficiencies of heat engines. We know that the first law states that energy of the universe stays constant, thus energy can be exchanged between system and surroundings. This means that the energy can’t be created or destroyed.

Complete step-by-step answer:
First law of thermodynamics is known to provide information about the quantity of energy transfer which occurs in any reaction but fails to convince us about any insights which are with respect to the direction of energy transfer and the quality of the energy. It thus cannot indicate with a metal with
The second law of thermodynamics states that any spontaneously occurring process will always lead to an escalation in the entropy (S) of the universe. In simple words, the law explains that an isolated system’s entropy will never decrease over time.

The second law is also called the Law of Increased Entropy.
We can represent the second law of thermodynamics as:
$\Delta {S_{univ}}\; > {\text{ }}0$
Here we must know that$\Delta {S_{univ}}$ is the change in the entropy of the universe.

When we talk about the statements of the second law of thermodynamics, they are:
-The volume of the system remains constant when the internal energy of a closed system is increase due to an adiabatic process
-All processes in nature work in a way that the sum of the entropies of all components in the process are increased.
-Heat cannot pass from a colder region to a warmer region but can vice versa.

Note: Entropy is termed as the measure of the randomness of a system or it is measure of energy within an isolated system. It can be considered as a quantitative index that describes the quality of energy. In some processes the total entropy of a system and its surroundings stays constant when the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium or going through a reversible change.