Question

State the form in which the following are stored:
A.Unused carbohydrates in plants
B.The energy derived from food in humans
C.Describe the process of nutrition in Amoeba with the help of a diagram
D.How does Paramecium obtain its foods?

Answer 1

1.ATP is a nucleotide consisting of Nitrogenous base, adenine; ribose sugar; and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose.
2.ATP provides energy by the transfer of a phosphate group to another molecule.
3.Cells continuously break down ATP to obtain energy, and it is also synthesized from ADP and phosphate by cellular respiration. Almost all of the ATP in cells is produced by ATP synthase that converts ADP and phosphate to ATP.

Complete step by step answer:

a). 1.Carbohydrates are employed by both plants and animals. Animals use them for energy, while plants use them for building and storage. Plants and animals both have methods of storing excess carbohydrates, but plants don't store them as glycogen the way animals do.
2.Plants store carbohydrates as starch, which is truly just a fancy kind of carbohydrate built from glucose. The stored starch can then be used. In plants, carbohydrates structure a part of the cellulose, giving plants strength and structure.

b). 1.Energy derived from food in humans is stored in a type of ATP. The energy derived from food in humans is stored in a type of ATP.
2.Adenosine triphosphate is the main energy currency of the cell. It's also employed in signal transduction pathways for cell communication and incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis.

c). Amoeba is a crucial protozoan found in water. It feeds on microscopic plants and animals present in water. The process of obtaining food by amoeba is termed phagocytosis. The mode of nutrition in Amoeba is holozoic. It feeds on unicellular plants or animals. The various steps of nutrition are ingestion, digestion, assimilation, and egestion. When Amoeba comes involved with food particles, it sends out pseudopodia, which engulfs the prey by forming a food cup, which is thought of as ingestion. When the guidelines of the encircling pseudopodia touch one another, the food is encaptured into a bag called food vacuole. The food vacuole is a brief stomach secreting succus, this step is understood as digestion. The digested food gets absorbed and diffuses into the cytoplasm then assimilated. Egestion of undigested food takes place at any point on the surface of the body.
1.Ingestion: Ingestion is the process of taking food within the body. Amoeba may be a unicellular animal, so it doesn’t have a mouth for the ingestion of food. Amoeba ingests the food by encircling it by forming pseudopodia. When the food is totally encircled, the food is engulfed within the sort of a bag called food vacuole.
2.Digestion: Digestion is the process of breaking the big and insoluble molecules into small and water-soluble molecules. Several digestive enzymes react to the food present within the food vacuoles and break it down into simple, soluble molecules.
3.Absorption: The food digested by digestive enzymes is then absorbed within the cytoplasm by the method of diffusion. While the undigested food remains within the food vacuole. The surplus food is stored within the cytoplasm within the sort of glycogen and lipids.
4.Assimilation: During this step, the food absorbed by the cytoplasm is employed to get energy, growth, and repair. This process of utilizing absorbed food for obtaining energy, repair, and growth is termed assimilation.
5.Egestion: When a sufficient amount of undigested food gets collected within the food vacuole, it's thrown out of the body by rupturing the plasma membrane. The method of removal of undigested food from the body is named egestion.

d). Paramecium is aquatic in nature. They will be seen widely in freshwater ponds, lakes, ditches, pools, streams, lakes, reservoirs, etc. where there's an availability of an excellent deal of decaying organic matter.
1.They are holozoic in nutrition meaning that they'll ingest food particles and may later perform the interior processing of the gaseous, liquids, or solid food particles inside their cell.
2.When the Paramecium gets with regards to its food, its fast and rapid beating of cilia pushes the food like bacteria, yeast, etc. into its vestibule.
3.This food is then taken inside the cell through the cytostome (cell mouth) by phagocytosis. The food particle gets inside the water vacuole turning it into a food vacuole, sooner or later, digestion, absorption, and assimilation occur.
4.It is usually abundant in those waters which contain a good deal of decaying organic matter. The food of Paramecium consists of bacteria, yeasts, algae, and little protozoa that generally habitats those water bodies with decaying organic matter in it.

There are two important organs present externally within the Paramecium’s body that helps it in feeding. These are the many cilia, and also the oral groove (vestibule). The cilia during the swim of the organism, sweep and push the food particles into the oral groove which later gets ingested through the cytostome into the cytopharynx. Internally the Paramecium has numerous food vacuoles that contain the digestive enzymes needed to digest the food particles inside the cell.

1.Selection of Food: it's the method through which the Paramecium will choose and choose the food to go after by responding to the varied stimuli within the environment.
2.Ingestion of Food: it's the method through which the Paramecium will intake the food within its food vacuole within the cell through phagocytosis and ciliary movements.
3.Digestion of Food: it's the method through which the Paramecium will kill and break down the intakes food by various enzymatic actions inside the food vacuole.
4.Absorption & Assimilation of Food: it's the method through which the Paramecium will absorb the assorted nutrients from the food and can utilize it for its various cellular metabolic uses.
5.Egestion of Food: it's the method through which the Paramecium will egest or remove the undigested parts of the food from the food vacuole and so will eliminate it completely out of the cell.

Note: ADP: Adenosine diphosphate is also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP). It has two phosphate groups. ATP becomes ADP by the loss of a phosphate group. ADP is formed from AMP.
1.AMP: Adenosine monophosphate is also called 5’-adenylic acid, has one phosphate group. It is found in RNA and contains adenine and produced along with ATP from two ADP molecules.
2.cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is derived from ATP and is a messenger used for signal transduction and activating certain protein kinases. cAMP pathways play a role in certain cancers such as carcinoma. In bacteria, it has a role in metabolism.