Question

State the causes of refraction.

Answer 1

First of all, we will understand what refraction is.
It requires a fully transparent medium to observe refraction.
Density of a medium plays its role.

Complete step by step answer:
REFRACTION- Refraction in physics is the movement in the direction of a wave travelling from one medium to another, or from a slow shift in the medium. The most frequently reported effect is the refraction of light, but other objects also undergo refraction, such as sound waves and water waves.As the human eye does, optical prisms and lenses use refraction to focus light. The refractive index of the components varies according to the light wavelength, and the angle of the refraction also varies accordingly.
The laws of refraction are:
The incident beam,the refracted beam, and at the point of incidence, normal to the interface of two media both lay on the same plane.
A constant is the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction. This is also known as the law of refraction of Snell.

The causes of refraction are as follows:
Owing to the difference in light speed as it reaches from one medium to another, refraction is produced.
It bends toward the normal as light goes from air into water, so its speed is decreased.
It bends away from the normal as light moves from water to air, as three are an increase in light speed.

Examples of refraction in day-to-day life:
The twinkling of stars is caused by light refraction.
Since the light coming from the bottom of the pool bends at the top due to light refraction, a swimming pool still seems to be of little depth than it actually is.

Note:
Refraction is observed when light rays coming from one medium to another medium can directly pass through. Refractive index is a material property associated with a medium. Higher the refractive index, lower the speed of light in that medium.