Question

State Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment.

Answer 1

When reproducing cells develop, different genes independently separate from one another by following some processes. The Principle of Independent Assortment explains those procedures. Gregor Mendel in 1865 first observed this in 1865 where he was particularly interested in the independent assortment of genes and their corresponding traits at the time of the separation. He studied in pea plants. In his observation, he used the process of dihybrid crosses.

Complete answer:
1. In eukaryotes, the independent assortment occurs during meiosis cell division.
2. In this type of cell division, the number of chromosomes in the parent cell gets reduced to half so that it could produce four reproductive cells called gametes.
3. In case of humans. The diploid cells contain 46 chromosomes among which 23 are inherited from father and 23 are from mother.
4. The homologous chromosomes show the pair of similar chromosomes. During Meiosis division, the pairs of homologous chromosomes are divided so that they can produce haploid cells. This separation or assortment of homologous chromosomes is random. Which means that every maternal cell is not separated into one cell, but all paternal chromosomes are separated into another. After meiosis, in each of haploid cells, a mixture of genes from father and mother stays in.
5. Recombination is narrated as another salient feature of Independent assortment. It is a process where the pieces of DNA break apart and recombine; so that they could produce a new combination of genes. It is like a scramble where maternal and paternal genes are mixed and set in random order so that genes can assort independently from one another.

Note: In brief, we can say that in Mendel’s law it is said that the alleles of two or more different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. One important thing is to be noted here that one exception can be seen to this law of independent assortment. Because of genetic linkage, the genes are located very close to one another on the same chromosome.