Question

State four important characteristics of compounds.

Answer 1

Hint : The functional group present in the homologous series is the same. They must show a gradation in the properties of a respective homologous series. They also have some structural properties.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
To simplify and to systematize the study of organic chemistry, all the organic compounds have been grouped into families called homologous series. In other words, a family or group of structurally similar compounds all the members of which have the same functional group, show a gradation in physical and similarity in chemical properties. Each member of a homologous series is called homologs and the phenomenon is called homology. For example, alkane is a homologous series.
Some other examples of homologous series are alkenes, alkynes, ketones, aldehydes, esters, etc. Characteristics of a Homologous series:
Each homologous series can be represented by a general formula. For example, is the general formula of carboxylic acids.
All the members of a given homologous series have the same functional group in their carbon chain. For example, the functional group of alcohol is $OH.$
The individual members of a homologous series can be prepared by the general method of preparation.
The physical properties such as density, boiling point, the melting point of the members of a homologous series show a regular gradation with a rise in molecular mass.
When compound is formed energy like heat, light or electricity is either needed or produced. A compound has properties entirely different from the properties of its constituents. Change in weight takes place. It cannot be separated into its constituents by simple physical means.

Note :
The chemical properties of the members of a homologous series similar though the first member may vary considerably from the rest of the members. The successive members of a homologous series differ by a group or by fourteen units.