Question

State and explain Mendel's first law of inheritance.

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who, through experiments in his garden, discovered the fundamental principles of heredity. The findings of Mendel became the basis of modern genetics and the study of heredity, and in the field of genetics, he is generally considered a pioneer.

Complete answer:
Usually, it is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito called Anopheles. The Plasmodium parasite is Mendel recognized that a single trait could occur in numerous versions, or alleles, even within an individual plant or animal, through careful analysis of patterns of inheritance. He discovered, for instance, two allelic variants of a gene for the color of seeds: one allele gave green seeds, the other gave yellow seeds. Mendel also noted that while a single trait could be affected by multiple alleles, they remained indivisible and could be separately inherited. This is the cornerstone of the First Law of Mendel, also called The Law of Equal Segregation, which states: the two alleles at a gene locus segregate from each other during gamete formation; each gamete has an equal probability of containing either allele.
The First Law of Mendel is particularly noteworthy since, without understanding the links between genes, chromosomes, and DNA, he made his observations and assumptions. We now know the explanation of why more than one gene allele can be found in an individual: there are at least two sets of homologous chromosomes in most eukaryotic species. Chromosomes occur as pairs, with one homolog inherited from each parent, for species that are primarily diploid, such as humans or Mendel's peas. Therefore, diploid cells contain two distinct alleles of each gene, with a pair of homologous chromosomes possessing one allele on each member. If both alleles of a specific gene are similar, it is said that the person is homozygous for that gene. On the other hand, the genotype is heterozygous if the alleles are distinct from each other. While a typical diploid individual may have at most two different alleles of a specific gene, in a population of individuals, many more than two different alleles may occur. The most common allelic variant is generally called the wild-type allele in a natural population. At the DNA sequence stage, several variants that are visually indistinguishable as all exhibit a regular, wild type appearance.

Note:
In wild populations and in laboratory strains, there may also be different mutant alleles that vary in their appearance from the wild form, each with a different modification at the level of the DNA sequence. Such mutation sets are referred to as an allelic sequence.