Question

Stages of hydrarch are
(a)marsh meadow stage
(b) reed swamp stage
(c) submerged plant stage
(d) phytoplankton stage
(e) submerged free floating stage
Identify the correct sequence
A) d, c, e, b, a
B) c, e, a, b, d
C) b, d, c, a, e
D) d, e, c, b, a

Answer 1

Hint : The word hydrarch suggests water and succession is the start of life that means establishment of life inside water is known as the hydrarch succession.

Complete answer :
This succession starts in the water or wet areas. The succession as we know will proceed from Hydric to mesic conditions. (Here, hydric means watery conditions and mesic means normal condition, that means from watery conditions to normal land conditions this succession works).
The pioneer species (first organisms to begin life) of the succession in water are small phytoplankton. This is then replaced by a submerged stage. Then, the next stage of the succession is the free floating stage in this as it is clear, the submerged plants are then replaced by free floating angiosperms in a span of time. In this stage, large and broad leaves of the floating plants will cover up the water body's surface to make up the conditions unfavorable for the growth of the species of the previous stage that is submerged plants and then in those unfavorable conditions they will gradually start disappearing.
Then, comes the new state known as Reed swamp stage. In this process, as we can guess from the previous stage the water body will now have emergent plants, these plants along with the mud will form the litter, and this litter will change the water body into a marshy land.
Now, water level will decrease and the new stage known as sedge meadow stage comes in the succession. In this stage, some of the plant species will begin to establish themselves and increase the mud litter to convert the situations to mesic. This will lead to complete loss of water body and establishment of the mesic (land like) conditions at that place.
further, in the Woodland stage, soil now remains drier for most of the year and becomes suitable for the wet Woodland and finally comes the climax stage, the climax of this succession will be either a forest or a grassland.
generally, climax is a forest. And with time, the water body is converted into land covered with the forest trees.

So, the correct answer will be option A.

Note : Look and understand that the above succession the stages are as follows

1. phytoplankton stage
2. submerged plant stage
3. free floating stage
4. reed swamp stage
5. sedge meadow stage
6. woodland stage
   7)Climax stage.