Question

Stages in menstrual cycle are
A. Recovery phase and proliferative phase
B. Proliferative phase and secretory phase
C. Proliferative, secretory and menstrual
D. Recovery phase, secretory phase and phase of menstrual flow.

Answer 1

It is a developmental cycle that occurs in the females of the primate population. This cycle is difficult and is regulated by distinct glands and hormones produced by these glands.

Complete answer:
The menstrual cycle is a biofeedback mechanism which means that each function and gland is influenced by the activity of others. The time period of menstrual cycle is 28-29 days, it may differ between women and from one cycle to another. The total period of menstrual cycle is calculated from the first day of the phase to the day before the next period begins.

There are four phases of the menstrual cycle. They are menstrual, follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.
-Menstruation-is the elimination from the body of the thickened linings of the uterus by the vagina. It includes blood, uterine lining cells and mucus. The duration is between three days to one week.
-Follicular phase- It begins on the first day of menstrual and concludes with ovulation. It is also known as proliferative phase (5-13 day).It is produced by hypothalamus, the pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),FSH hormone activates the ovary to develop about five to 20 follicles of the bead on the top. Each follicle produces an immature egg. It takes place on the 10th day of a 28 day cycle. The follicle development helps in the lining of the uterus to thicken the birth.
-Ovulation- is the elimination of a mature egg from the surface of the ovary. This usually happens in the middle of the cycle, about two weeks or so before menstruation begins. The brain hypothalamus detects these rising levels and releases a chemical called gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone helps the pituitary gland to form high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH. In the two days ovulation is caused by a higher level of LH.
-Luteal or Secretory phase-The egg explodes from its follicle after ovulation, but the damaged follicle rests on the surface of the ovary. For the next two weeks or so, the follicle is converted into a structure known as corpus luteum which releases the progesterone and estrogen.
If the egg implant is fertilised in the lining of the uterus it releases the hormone required to sustain the luteum of the corpus. This includes HCG hormone which is found in the pregnancy test in the urine. If there is no pregnancy then the corpus will wither and die normally about the 22 to 28 day period. A reduction in progesterone allows the lining of the uterus to break and is called menstruation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Note: Girls have their first cycle at the age of 12 to 14. Other sexual characteristics in girls also start producing like pubic hairs, breast at this stage.