Question

Sparrow campaign is the part of
A. The four pests campaign
B. All pest campaign
C. Sustainable development
D. None of the above

Answer 1

The sparrows are small passerine birds. They are found near human settlements and build nests in the buildings and houses. They are mainly grain or seed eaters but are also known to consume grasshoppers and other small insects .In China they were considered as the main reason behind loss of food grains in the fields and warehouses.

Complete step by step answer: During the years $1958$ to $1962$ the government of China in its actions taken in the Great Leap Forward launched a campaign to eliminate the important pests and destroyers of food grains. These four pests were rats, flies, mosquitos and sparrows. This campaign was famously known as the four pest campaign.
This campaign was introduced by Mao Zedong. According to the campaign, the pests were eliminated as a hygiene related campaign. The main aim of this campaign was to eradicate the pests that were responsible for the transmission of pestilence as well as diseases. The pests were responsible for the economical losses incurred due to destroying of grains etc. Among the other pests, sparrows were also included in this campaign as a potent pest. As they ate grains, seeds and fruits, they were found to be responsible for the losses of these cultivable crops. The campaign against the sparrows was named as the Smash Sparrows Campaign or Eliminate Sparrows Campaign.
The eradication of the sparrows includes killing of the birds on a large scale, destroying their eggs and nests and chicks were killed. THe birds were shot down from the sky. THe mass extinction of the birds caused the sparrow population to decrease rapidly and thereby it faced the danger of extinction.
Towards the end of two years of the initiation of the Campaign, the leaders were bound to change their opinion as due to the depletion of the sparrow population, the population of the insects especially locusts increased considerably. THe locusts were eaten by the sparrows. Instead of an increase in the production of grains, the yields were drastically decreased. Under the influence of Tso-hsin Cheng, the Chinese Government withdrew its order to kill the sparrows. However, till then the population of sparrows decreased greatly and it created ecological imbalance.
It was aimed at the eradication of namely four types of pests such as rats, flies, mosquitoes and sparrows were also included among the pests.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Note: Sparrow campaign which is also known as the Smash Sparrows Campaign or Eliminate Sparrows Campaign was one of the major campaigns under the four-pest campaign. It was mainly aimed to destroy the pests which were responsible for decreasing yields and caused diseases. The result of the campaign caused the sparrows to face nearly extinction.