Question

Soil , water and air are ................ factors of habitat.

Answer 1

Abiotic environment includes three categories of factors- climatic, edaphic and topographic. Climatic factors are light, temperature, water and wind. Edaphic factors are factors related to soil. Topographic factors are physical factors related to slope, altitude and others concerned with surface behaviour of earth.

Complete answer:
Soil water and air are abiotic factors of habitat.This can be explained as:-
Water :- Water is the characteristic and most important factor influencing the life of organisms next to temperature. Life originated in water through the process of evolution and is unsustainable without water. It is an important component of protoplasm. Water is present over more than 71% of the surface of earth as oceans, lakes, rivers, ice caps and glaciers. Its availability is so limited in deserts, therefore desert organisms have evolved many adaptations especially w.r.t. water conservation in their body to sustain life there. Water has also influenced over productivity and distribution of plants. The organisms found in water are called aquatic organisms and they also face water related problems. Quality of water (chemical composition. pH. temperature etc.) is important for aquatic organisms.
Soil :- Earth's uppermost crust having a mixture of organic matter and minerals is called soil. It is a complex nature of mineral particles, organic matter, soil air, water and soil microorganisms. The nature and properties of soil in different places vary. Soil type or its characteristics are dependent upon the climate of the region, weathering process and the process of its development. The soil factors are also known as Edaphic factor
Pedology : Study of soil is called pedology.
Air :- air is a homogenous mixture of different gases . It is an abiotic component of the earth. It does not have any role with the growth and metabolism.
Anything which grows and respires is considered as living but air does not perform any of these functions so considered as a biotic factor.

Note: Temperature is the most ecologically relevant environmental factor. Average temperature on land rises with the change in season , decreasing from the equator that is the central region of the poles and from plains to mountain tops. It ranges from sub-zero levels in polar areas and high altitudes to greater than 50 degree Celsius in tropical deserts in summer. There are some unique habitats such as thermal springs and Deepsea hydrothermal vents where average temperatures exceed 100 degree Celsius. Thermophiles are found in such harsh habitats.