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Question: Show the complete reaction. Methyl alcohol to pentan-3-ol....

Show the complete reaction.
Methyl alcohol to pentan-3-ol.

Explanation

Solution

An alcohol is denoted by an OH group. Methyl alcohol is a hydrocarbon that consists of an OH group. There is only one carbon in methyl alcohol. The molecular formula of methyl alcohol is CH3OHC{H_3}OH .

Complete step by step solution:
The conversion of methyl alcohol to pentan-3-ol takes place in six steps which are as follows,
- CH3OH→HBrCH3Br+H2OC{H_3}OH\xrightarrow{{HBr}}C{H_{_3}}Br + {H_2}O
When alcohols are treated with hydrogen bromide, they undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction to generate an alkyl halide and water.
Methyl alcohol or methanol will proceed with an SN2S{N^2} mechanism since they have a highly unfavourable mechanism.
- CH3−Br+2Na+Br−CH3→CH3−CH3+2NaBrC{H_3} - Br + 2Na + Br - C{H_3} \to C{H_3} - C{H_3} + 2NaBr
When methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether as a catalyst, ethane is formed. This reaction is also known as wurtz reaction.
- CH3−CH3→Br2,hνCH3−CH2−Br+H−BrC{H_3} - C{H_3}\xrightarrow{{B{r_2},h\nu }}C{H_3} - C{H_2} - Br + H - Br
Ethane is reacted with bromine gas in the presence of sunlight and uv rays to give ethyl bromide.
- CH3CH2−Br+Mg→Dry ether, MgCH3CH2−MgBrC{H_3}C{H_2} - Br + Mg\xrightarrow{{{\text{Dry ether, Mg}}}}C{H_3}C{H_2} - MgBr
When ethyl bromide is reacted with magnesium in the presence of dry ether as catalyst, it forms ethyl magnesium bromide. Here ethyl magnesium bromide is also known as a Grignard reagent.
- CH3CH2MgBr+CH3CH2CHO→CH3−CH2−C(OMgBr)−CH2−CH3C{H_3}C{H_2}MgBr + C{H_3}C{H_2}CHO \to C{H_3} - C{H_2} - C(OMgBr) - C{H_2} - C{H_3}
When Grignard reagent or magnesium bromide is reacted with propanal it gives the product that is mentioned in the reaction.
- CH3CH2C(OMgBr)CH2CH3→H3O+CH3−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−CH3C{H_3}C{H_2}C(OMgBr)C{H_2}C{H_3}\xrightarrow{{{H_3}{O^ + }}}C{H_3} - C{H_2} - CH(OH) - C{H_2} - C{H_3}
The hydronium ion when reacted gives hydrogen ion and the hydrogen ion bonds with oxygen to form pentan-3-ol.

Note:
-Methyl alcohol is used as a fuel for industries and factories. Methyl alcohol is also used in the formation of many products like ethane using wurtz reaction. It is used in the making of pentan-3-ol. It is used to make ethyl bromide or ethyl chloride.
-Pentan-3-ol is used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species which elicit change in sexual or social behaviour. It is a substance used as an indicator of biological state.