Question

Show all the steps to how $3$-chloroaniline can synthesize from benzene?

Answer 1

To solve this question, we need a three-step process to form $3$-chloroaniline from benzene. The first step involved is nitration of benzene. The second step is the chlorination of nitrobenzene. The third steps involve the reduction of the nitro group to get our desired product.

Complete step-by-step answer: The first step involves the addition of the nitro group $\left(N O_{2}\right)$ to the benzene ring to form nitrobenzene through nitration of benzene. This can be represented from the diagram below:

Now, we need to chlorine in the above compound. To do so, we can use the chlorination process since the nitro group is a meta director. The below diagram will make it more clear:

Finally, we have to reduce the $N{{O}_{2}}$ to form $N{{H}_{3}}$. This can be easily done by the process of reduction. The following image will make it more clear:

Thus, $3$-chloroaniline can be synthesized from benzene in just three easy steps as shown above.

Additional Information:
Benzene has the molecular formula ${{C}_{6}}{{H}_{6}}$ and is an organic chemical compound. The benzene molecule consists of six atoms of carbon joined in a planar ring with one atom of hydrogen attached to each of them. Benzene is classified as a hydrocarbon as it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Note: To solve this question or other question which is very similar to this one, it is not necessary to do it the way as shown above. There are many approaches to do the same question. Like alcohol can be synthesised from Grignard reagent and also hydrolysis of esters.