Question

Sex chromosomes are also known as
A. Autosomes
B. Allosomes
C. Genome
D. Karyotype

Answer 1

Chromosomes are oval, rod or thread like DNA and protein complexes which function as hereditary vehicles as they store, replicate and transcribe coded hereditary information.

Complete answer:
Humans and many other organisms have two types of chromosomes- allosomes and autosomes.
-Allosomes
Allosomes are the sex chromosomes that are heterotypical chromosomes. They differ from the somatic chromosomes in the size, form and behavior.
The sex chromosomes in humans help in determining the sex of the fetus. Males have XY allosomes while females have XX allosomes.
These are responsible for sex-linked inheritance.
-Autosomes
These are also called the somatic chromosomes or non-sex chromosomes.
In a diploid cell, the autosomes have two chromosomes of the same type with similar morphology.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes that include 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of allosomes.
-Genome
The complete set of genetic information of an organism is defined as its genome. It is generally stored in the DNA or RNA i.e. the genetic material of the organism in the nucleus of the cell.
It includes coding, non-coding DNA, chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA.
-Karyotype
Karyotype is the pictorial representation of the chromosomes of a person.
The steps involved in taking the picture of the chromosomes are isolating, staining and examining the chromosomes under the microscope.
It helps in determining any abnormality or mutation present in the chromosome of the person. Thus it is useful for the study of chromosomal disorders.

Note: Chromosomes store, replicate, and transcribe coded hereditary information and they were first seen by Hofmeister as nuclear filaments in pollen mother cells of Tradescantia.